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Deception in espionage definition4/20/2023 ![]() The question whether deception is permissible in all cases is discussed next. It also shows that deception is by no means always the result of a profound planning process coincidence may lead to occasional deception. This article starts with an explanation of deception and the unravelling of the deception process, identifying the different phases and the most important elements of deception warfare per phase. The central research question featuring in this article reads: What are the Western views on deception and the deception process? ![]() This present research on deception consists of two parts, the first focussing on the art of deception, which is covered in this article, while another article containing the second part zooms in on Russian deception and the annexation of Crimea in 2014. This observation alone is sufficient reason for delving deeper into the phenomenon of deception. Apparently, these forms of deception are considered quite normal, while deception applied during a conflict is considered a very sensitive matter. Deception even takes place during sports competitions, for example when a simple feint is meant to mislead an opponent during a ball game. This is a striking fact because nowadays Western people are constantly and unconsciously exposed to deception in their daily lives, coming from a variety of sources broadly ranging from advertising messages to films. Up to World War II the Western world also frequently used deception in conflicts, but soon afterwards it rapidly disappeared. It is a relatively cheap way of gaining an advantage over an opponent. Deception includes activities that can take place at all levels. In early warfare deception was a tool used by the savvy individual commander on the battlefield, but it is not only reserved for the tactical level. That puts thinking about deception back on the agenda. People today often feel fooled and do not know what to believe. Take, for example, Brexit in 2016, the 20 US elections, the Macron leaks in 2017, and politicians who consistently dismissed critical news aimed at them and their administration as ‘alternative facts’. Soldiers question an unknown person during an exercise. Much has also happened in the West since then, not only between states but also within states themselves that has left decision-makers, media and the public at a loss as to where they stand. Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014 proved to have been a watershed in the way states interact with each other, but this was not the only event that contributed to great international distrust. In 2018, ‘fake news’ and ‘misinformation’ were amongst the most commonly used words. In 2016, the Oxford Dictionary proclaimed ‘post-truth’ the word of the year. ![]() Policy makers of states and international organisations often no longer know where they stand. Mutual trust between states has declined sharply. Send us feedback.Recently, the international security situation has changed significantly. These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'espionage.' Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. 2022 This, and the fact that the intruder took no steps to conceal the breach, suggest that the breach is likely not motivated by financial gain from ransomware, extortion, or espionage.ĭan Goodin, Ars Technica, 16 Sep. 2022 As Washington’s allies struggle to resist Beijing’s worldwide espionage and influence offensive, the U.S. 2022 The charge of working as an undisclosed foreign agent has for decades been used in cases involving espionage, said attorney Antonia Apps, a former federal prosecutor. 2022 What ensued was an awkward and ultimately fruitless handoff that could bolster the arguments of Joe Sandler, attorney for Democracy Partners, that the group fell victim not to a journalism outlet but to a group practicing political espionage.Įrik Wemple, Washington Post, 20 Sep. ![]() 2022 Birding lives at the nexus of a wide array of pastimes: hiking, poetry, accounting, espionage. officials in December 2018 sparked a hostage standoff in which China detained two Canadian nationals, Michael Kovrig and Michael Spavor, and charged them with espionage. Jamie Crawley, Fortune, 11 June 2022 Meng’s detention in Canada at the request of U.S. with espionage and given asylum in Russia following his leak in 2013. Marine charged with espionage by Russian authorities. Recent Examples on the Web Only minutes afterward, the president issued a statement condemning the ruling and the detention of both Griner and Paul Whelan, a former U.S.
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